SQLite 3 reference · Aggregate Functions

SQLite STRING_AGG() Function

Join a group's values with a separator, the standard name also used by PostgreSQL and SQL Server.

SQLite 3 Since 3.44.0

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Syntax

string_agg(X, SEP ORDER BY ...)

Parameters

Parameter	Description
`X`	A column or expression.
`SEP`	The separator (required).
`ORDER BY` optional	The order of the values.

Return value

Text, or NULL for no values.

Examples

Join per groupTry it yourself

SELECT department, string_agg(name, ', ' ORDER BY salary DESC) AS by_salary
FROM employees
GROUP BY department;

Output

department | by_salary
Engineering | Omar Haddad, Mei Chen, Jonas Berg, Priya Nair, Lucas Martin
Management | Sofia Reyes
Sales | Hannah Okafor, Diego Silva, Emma Novak
Support | Ravi Kumar

Unique values, via a subqueryTry it yourself

SELECT string_agg(country, '/') AS countries
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT country FROM customers ORDER BY country);