SQLite 3 reference · String Functions

SQLite CONCAT() Function

Join any number of values into one string. Unlike ||, NULL arguments are skipped instead of making the result NULL.

SQLite 3 Since 3.44.0

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Syntax

concat(X, ...)

Parameter	Description
`X, ...`	One or more values to join.

Text (never NULL).

Join valuesTry it yourself

SELECT concat('Order #', order_id, ' - ', status) AS label
FROM orders
LIMIT 3;

Output

label
Order #1 - delivered
Order #2 - delivered
Order #3 - delivered

NULL handling compared with ||Try it yourself

SELECT concat(name, ' / ', city) AS with_concat,
       name || ' / ' || city AS with_pipes
FROM customers
WHERE customer_id = 7;

Output

with_concat | with_pipes
Barbara Liskov /  | NULL

Version	Change
SQLite 3.44.0	Added

|| · Join strings with the || operator, the standard SQL way to concatenate. If either side is NULL, the result is NULL.
CONCAT_WS() · Join values with a separator between them, skipping NULLs. The ws stands for with separator.
FORMAT() · Build a string from a template with printf-style placeholders such as %s, %d, %.2f and %,d. printf() is the old name.
SQL String Functions · tutorial