SQLite 3 reference · String Functions

SQLite CONCAT_WS() Function

Join values with a separator between them, skipping NULLs. The ws stands for with separator.

SQLite 3 Since 3.44.0

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Syntax

concat_ws(SEP, X, ...)

Parameter	Description
`SEP`	The separator.
`X, ...`	The values to join.

Text, or NULL if SEP is NULL.

Join with a separatorTry it yourself

SELECT concat_ws(', ', name, city, country) AS address
FROM customers
WHERE customer_id IN (1, 7);

Output

address
Ada Lovelace, London, UK
Barbara Liskov, USA

Build a date stringTry it yourself

SELECT concat_ws('-', '2026', '03', '09') AS iso_date;

Output

iso_date
2026-03-09

Version	Change
SQLite 3.44.0	Added

CONCAT() · Join any number of values into one string. Unlike ||, NULL arguments are skipped instead of making the result NULL.
GROUP_CONCAT() · Join a group's non-NULL values into one string, separated by commas or a separator you give.
SQL String Functions · tutorial